Construction of 35mm film

35-mm (normal movie, small movie screen, movie-KB) is a film format in which the film strips 35 mm wide. Originally only for capturing Moving pictures (Movies) Is used, it was later discovered as a practical photo size. First miniature photo camera was a Leica Leitz. The Small Image Photography quickly established itself, especially in the field of photojournalism, these are in the order of Photography most widely used film format in the Packaging as 135. In the meantime, the once-dominant 35-mm-format digital production methods in the still photography largely suppressed, even at the movie now, the majority of all cameras sold digital the format and uses no film.
Similar to Roll film the film strip on a plastic (previously metal) coil wound, but then packed in a light-tight metal cartridge. Until the fifties into the assembly by such a film cartridge of 35 mm per meter was quite common. The Film cartridge is inserted directly into the miniature camera. In the early days of the camera technology was threading the projecting out of the cartridge Film leader on the take-up spool of the camera and inserting one of the film itself - depending on the make - sometimes even difficult matter. Up to a few manufacturers were soon developed solutions and disseminate this also allowed with little patience and dexterity satisfactory and safe. In 1967, the PL System (Pentacon Loading) introduced in Praktica cameras. Today, miniature cameras with motorized film transport usually do well to thread automatically.

Separate replaceable Movie MagazineAs in Medium format cameras usual, there are only in exceptional cases. Some manufacturers offer a few professional SLR, but for so-called feature-length film magazines with a supply of 100 or even 250 images, which are recognized instead of the normal camera back.

The film strip must be rewound after exposure to the cartridge so that it is not removed from the film chamber exposed to ambient light, a film by alternating between is possible, but relatively expensive. To rewind release lever must be one or more (usually at the bottom of the case), press it for propulsion usually responsible spiked roller to the next exposure (on the new film) disengages.

When rewinding the film tongue usually returns and safety reasons all in the cartridge, which will prevent re-use of already exposed film, but also a higher risk in the cartridge incident scattered light contains within itself, as the film, the cartridge jaw not as tightly. For this reason KB cartridges are always sold by all manufacturers in an additional jars. Accidentally collected a film can do with a tongue or a Filmrückholer accordingly paperclip remove.

In modern SLR with automatic film advance you can often set in the context of specific user settings that will automatically rewound after the last exposure of the film or whether the operation should be at end of film exclusively triggered manually by pressing a button. In this context one can usually define whether the film should be rewound tongue generally in the cartridge or not, or whether this should happen only when triggered manually rewind. Likewise, some cameras can also select the Rewind (and sometimes even change during the rewinding), faster transport, if the re-dedication is in the foreground, slowly, when (as in a church) should not interfere.

Some modern cameras also have facilities for preventing the accidental exposure of a film by opening the tailgate. Some compact cameras solve when trying to open the back wall, first from an automatic rewind. Other cameras hide the wound film under a flap, so that will be exposed at an opening in the best case, only 3 to 4 images.

Although this basic principle does not change, so some manufacturers offer in this context, noteworthy special features. So fast forward on some of the modern SLR film directly after loading the last image and then gradually pulled back after every shot in the cartridge. The advantage is that it allows for the camera exactly the length of the movie after you put it is (for example, and a residual image display without DX code possible) that all pre-exposure photographs safe in preventing accidental opening of the cartridge are the back wall and that eliminates the unpleasant Rückspulgeräusch perhaps unexpectedly during photography.

Other cameras offer a so-called Mid-reload function on that lets you rewind the film into the cartridge at any time and for example after a successful film can change just rewind to the old image position - with a repeatability of less than one millimeter.

Even with the use of full-length film magazines, the procedure differs in part from the normal procedure outlined above, by the rewinding of the film is usually omitted. Thus the film, for example, directly from a filled special cartridge in an identical empty cartridge is wound, which are in principle also be taken out individually, but may remain for an even faster changing film in a special double bet that one exchanges during photography easy against a prepared another dual.


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