Film: TV and Video

Others were able to prevail to this day. In cinema, the image height is usually always the same - with the exception of, for example, for the screening of 70 mm film suitable cinemas covering the "normal case" the lowest part of the canvas. The image width will vary depending on film format. Therefore, in the movies - unlike the video, where the width of the reference level is - always the first height and the width behind called.

The classic format of 35-mm film is 1,375:1 (= 12,5:9). This format is used mainly in amateur and documentary use. In the movie it is increasingly wide-screen formats with the ratios 1.66:1 (15:9) and 1.85:1 (16,65:9) one. These ratios are generated by corresponding picture window in the movie camera or Mask in the projector, which are inserted into the beam path. It is also used just a small cut of each film frame and then stretched this proportion. (Further explanation in open matte .)

When Cinemascope process goes to a different way: The original ratio of 2.35:1 (21:9) is using an anamorphic lens housed in a 1:2 ratio to the footage: The height of the image is preserved, the image acts but compressed in the width. The demonstration of the finished film, the image must, however, with a special cylindrical lens ( anamorphic are called) again equalized.

In the 1950s and early 1960s were years of experimenting with different methods and aspect ratios. Another inexpensive method was Vistavision , since only converted cameras were needed, but the recordings still on 35-mm film. The aspect ratio was 1,96:1 here.


TV and Video

In the analog 4:3 TV was a common format, both the German PAL and the French SECAM or the U.S. NTSC . From the 1990s, increasingly the format was 16:9 (= 1.78:1) was used.
The digital television standards such as DVB and ATSC support in a variety of pixel aspect ratios, the display aspect ratios 16:9 and 4:3 as well as theoretically 2,21:1 (about 20:9), which is not used in practice. When high-definition television aspect ratio is 16:9 usual.
In DVD , SVCD , DVB, the images are often stored anamorphic - analogous to the Cinemascope process.

Screen aspect ratios

Especially for larger and high-quality televisions prevailed with the digitization and the move away from the cathode ray tube, the aspect ratio of 16:9. From 2009 even broader device came in 21:9 format (7:3 = 2.33:1) on the market, which films in the format of 2.35:1 can display without horizontal stripes, with no source optimized for this material exists and the Most of the content with vertical bars or inflated or distorted must be displayed.

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