Anamorphic processes

Functioning

By the action of the anamorphic lens system is the CinemaScope process with optical sound oneaspect ratio of 2.35:1 achieved. In the former four-channel magnetic sound CinemaScope (Commager) the aspect ratio is 2,55:1.
The basic principle of an anamorphic lens design ensures that, when recording the image reduces the image in the horizontal plane by a certain anamorphic factor against the vertical. This creates the effect that the image is "compressed" in width by the anamorphic factor. In the projection of the film projector receives a similar lens system, called an anamorphic lens , which magnifies the image so much again in width and thus the image again "pulls apart". This is the image in the projection - over the image on the film - twice as wide.

Basically, would result from a normal image in the aspect ratio of 1.33:1 CinemaScope process by a factor of 2, an aspect ratio of 2,66:1. But this is not the case, because the inclusion of a film in CinemaScope process in the camera and later used when playing in the projector image window will be slightly higher, so the resulting image on the film has an aspect ratio of 1:1,175. This in turn results in a factor of 2 above, the aspect ratio. The process with the higher frame window uses it to increase the sharpness of the projected image. Through this technique, the scene of the film strip maximally utilized and there is not - such as in wide-screen process with lamination - unused part of the footage. However, this is also the framing narrower, which again lead to negative improper splices are visible.

The advantage of the CinemaScope process is that with low-cost standard material ( 35-mm film can be projected) one wide image. Alternative to CinemaScope, for example, 70-mm film (aspect ratio 2.2:1) and the original Cinerama, on other hand, have significantly higher material costs and also require special projectors.
Another advantage is that the light from the projector lamp is better utilized. Cinema projectors are equipped with rotationally symmetric ellipsoidal mirrors, which illuminate a circular area hence the movie. Optimum utilization of light would be obtained for a square image that is on the film strip. Square image window, the process demanded Superscope today and IMAX .

The advantage of the process but is also a disadvantage. Since the image is compressed, it becomes distorted and must be rectified at the back projection. In case of faulty adjustment of the recording or playback lenses can thus display errors occur. Also, a significant new movie screens for the CS projection are situated.

History 

The CinemaScope process is based on the Anamorphoskop of Professor Henri Chrétien , which has already been developed 1927th In 1952 the process was from the 20th Century Fox Film Corporation purchased. The turn is an evolution of the Anamorphoskop Hypergonars by Henri 

Chrétien.
The monumental Bible film The Robe (The Robe) was established on 16 September 1953 in New York City premiere. It was advertised as a movie, "the one-dimensional without glasses" can see.Since the second half of the forties, the 3D movies in the cinema were a great encouragement, the process by wearing glasses, but also very inconvenient and very costly, was tried it first with a three-dimensional projection is not true, but a curved screen and a wider aspect ratio ( Cinerama ), where the false slogan, if it were a new 3D process, first appeared, and when it was still expensive, thought you look at Centfox on invented by Chrétien anamorphic process, it resulted in the brand CinemaScope, and suggested to the audience with this slogan as with Cinerama and again that he would see in CinemaScope a 3D movie, which of course was not the case. Since a CinemaScope film consists only of a picture (even though it is pretty wide), he is completely "flat".The first true 3D film in CinemaScope was the treasure of the Balearic Islands by director Byron Haskin .

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